The Nation Father Byword
RADEN HAJI OEMAR SAID TJOKROAMINOTO:
( Sarekat Islam’s Founder)
Nur Faozah
Nurfaozah9@gmail.com
Islam’s Culture’s History
IAIN Syheikh Nur
Jati Cirebon
ABSTRACK
This Journal represents to with referece to big warrior trail record of us which born in Countryside
of Bakur, Jiwan’s
subdistict, Madiun’s regency, East Java,
16 August 1882 - dying in Yogyakarta, 17 December 1934 at age 52
year, complete so called of Raden Hadji
Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto, national warrior now that more
knowledgeable by the name of H.O.S Cokroaminoto, He represent a leader one of
the big organization that is Sarekat Islam (SI). De
Ongekroonde van of Java its name epithet, is one of the exponent of movement in Indonesia
and as teacher all big leaders in Indonesia, leaving from idea is bearing is
assorted of Indonesian nation ideology at that moment. His house have sufficient time
to be made by house of kost big leaders to bail science to him, that is
Semaoen, Alimin, Muso, Soekarno, Kartosuwiryo, even Tan Malaka have to him, he
is one who first time refuse to at one's feet of Dutch, after he die to born
variegation movement of indonesia woke up by its pupils, namely socialist clan
and communism embraced by Semaoen, Muso, Alimin, Soekarno which is nationalist,
and Kartosuwiryo which is islam double as personal secretary. But, third its
pupil is disagreing each other according to each understanding.
Background
Background of is Problem
of this started in the early century 20, people which is oppressed
by colonist of Dutch colonial economical and political have disturbed liver and
idea a Cokroaminoto. Policy of Dutch nation moving Iease system do not be
well-balanced, making all indigenous merchant start to weep to scream. How do
not, all indigenous merchant start to experience of degradation of continuous
capital effect of natural Iease system of process doubly, on the
contrary all entrepreneur of continuous cina go up level and expand
till get second predicat after all European entrepreneur.
See that all, Cokroaminoto which enter
into organization of Sarekat Trade Islam led by Samanhudi, what nowadays
finally he lead organization of Sarekat Islam. Because intellegence
and goodwill its to make Indonesia become better him become byword to its pupils
which represent big people is including first persiden of Indonesia
(Sukarno), as well as other warriors.
Formula of is problem of by xself study about who is H.O.S Cokroaminoto, how
Background idea result and education, how in fact situation of society at that
moment. This journal aim to know and extend readers knowledge to be reader can
add khazanah hidden from each;every event, and also take benefit of that Iesson
all so that what us of can do be
valuable, good to others and also ownself.
Discussion
" What we wish is same
feel, quit ofly of difference of religion. Sarekat Islam (SI) wish to lift
equation all Indies race in such a manner so that reach (stage). The opposing
capitalism and tolerance will not predominate human being to other human being.
The will just
cooperate with whom which will work for this importance."
Raden Hadji Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto’s Biography
Born in Countryside of Bakur, Jiwan’s subdistict,
Madiun’s regency, East Java, 16 August 1882 - dying in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 17
December 1934 at age 52 year, complete so called of Raden Hadji
Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto, national warrior now more knowledgeable by the name
of H.O.S Cokroaminoto. He represent a leader one of the organization that is
Sarekat Islam.
Tjokroaminoto is second
child from 12 relative of so called father of R.M. Tjokroamiseno, one of the
functionary of governance at that moment. Its grandfather, R.M. Duke of
Tjokronegoro, have also taken hold of as Regent of Ponorogo.
De Ongekroonde van of Java or “Uncrowned
King Java" so called of Tjokroaminoto is one of the exponent of movement
in indonesia and as teacher all big leaders in indonesia, leaving from idea is
bearing is assorted of nation ideology of Indonesia at
that moment, house he have time to be made by house of kost big leaders for the
bail out of science
to him, that is Semaoen, Alimin, Muso, Soekarno, Kartosuwiryo, even Tan Malaka
have to him, he is one who first time refuse to at one's feet of Dutch, after
he die to born variegation movement of indonesia woke up by its pupils, namely
socialist clan or communism embraced by Semaoen, Muso, Alimin, Soekarno which
is nationalist, and Kartosuwiryo which is islam double as personal secretary.
But, third its pupil is disagreing each other according to each understanding.
Influence of strength of politics at that
moment enable leaders which is that flock each other vis till happened Rebellion of Madiun
1948 which conducted by communist Party of Indonesia because proclamation
" Republic of Soviet Indonesia" led by is Muso and perforcedly
president of Soekarno deliver elite troops of TNI namely Division of Siliwangi
resulting " elder brother" chummy greeting of Soekarno to communist
Muso cock of the roost is at that moment picked off by 31 October, and
continued by rebellion by State Islam Indonesia (NII) led by Kartosuwiryo and
finally capital punishment dropped by Soekarno to its closed friend of
Kartosuwiryo at 12 September 1962.
In May 1912, HOS Tjokroaminoto found organization of Sarekat Islam
which is is previous to be recognized is Federal of Trade Islam and chosen
become ketua.Ia buried by in TMP Pekuncen, Yogyakarta, after falling sick
finished follow Congress in Banjarmasin. One of the trilogy of celebrated
him is “as
high as science, as pure as unity of God, cleverness
investigation”. This depict atmosphere struggle of
Indonesia at a period of him needing three ability at a combatant of
independence.
From various its pupil which is most is
he take a fancy to is Soekarno till he do Soekarno marry with its child namely
Siti Oetari, first wife of Soekarno. Its Message to All its pupils is " if
all of you want to be big Leader, writing like journalist and speak like
orator" this word anaesthetize its pupils till make Soekarno each;every
night scream to learn oration till make its closed friend that is Muso, Alimin,
Kartosuwiryo, Darsono, and the other woke up and laugh witnessing him.
Background Education
He enter district civil servant in the year 1900 after end study
in Oplayding School Foor Inladishe Ambegtenaren ( OSVIA) in age twenty year,
Magelang. However in the year 1907, he set mind on exit of district civil
servant because have go against the stomach with policy of Dutch. Three year later;then
he work as jury write in Kepatihan Ngawi, even have become patih. Hereinafter
he move to Surabaya and take technique majors in night-school of Hogore Burger
of School, and work in an sugar mill of Ragojampi. After a few times he go out
from its work and enter in organization of sarekat islam.
In the year 1907, he starts to
elaborate journalistic world, with its articles that's in sending in various
printing which is recognized very keen. With a heavy hand in journalistic world
cause to leave its duty from governance of Indies Dutch. Later;Then he apply
for to become engine-driver, and work as chemist in a sugar mill near in Surabaya.
From here the spirit of
will its him sprout,
by proving to step into political arena and organizational start all active
to indigenous young man to be more improve ability and awareness in all area.
After going to give or obtain cash for pilgrimage, and back
to Indonesia by leaving his aristocracy, and presenting x'self with
title of Haji Oemar
Said Tjokroaminoto.
In the year 1905, standing organization
of Sarekat Trade Islam, in founded by a so called kiai H. Samanhudi.
Organizational this is organization movement of corps all
entrepreneur of batik in Solo. Founded as respon to "policy"
governmental of Very Dutch set aside resident which believe in islam, and
place white class citizen which believe in Christian as first class citizen.
In a short time the place of all merchant of this Moslem
disseminate to entire of fatherland. They found SDI in its him each, and found
branchs of SDI in its area. While in Surabaya, Tjokroaminioto greet SDI and
become a young leader as chief branch SDI in East Java
Result Of
Idea
a. Idea of Nasionalisme-Islam
Tjokro start to transfer to Islam in more serious meaning. At
September 1922, he start to publish beam article " Islam and
Socialism" in Soeara Boemiputera and try to base its socialism view at
Islam. At Congress of Al-Islam in Cirebon, 31 Oktober-2 November 1922, he is
also lifted as congress chief. Important meaning of this congress, like told by
Agus Salim, that is to " pushing association all moslem faction in Indies
or Moslem in all the world and assist" inspiration that see Kemal Attaturk as leader of laboring byword for the shake of
association of Islam socialism in Islam
socialism major understanding "friendship" or "
friendship" where opposing against understanding "
individualism". Socialism want way of thinking " one making all and
all making one", this socialism theory have intention will improve;repair
impecunious human being faction chance and many its amount. Socialism
aspiration in that Islam not less than its thirteen age century and cannot be told to
emerge from influence of Europe nation. With existence of religious obligatory
law of islam mean to oblige plutocrat release the expense of for pauper.
Governance rule and military in countrys of islam first have the character of
socialist finely.
According to HOS
Cokroaminoto in socialism understanding there is three anasir that is :
1) Independence
2) Equation
3) brotherhood
Result of masterpiece
Tjokroaminoto also represent critical writer, but still some
people which not yet known result of its masterpiece, and books which in
creating by Cokroaminoto become reference materials to in using among all
activists at new order epoch.
Masterpiece write that for example a. Islam and Socialism in the
year 1924
Islam and Socialism
represent written by book is Tjokroaminoto in the effort facing idea led by
Semarang is Soemaoen. this Book 148 page;yard, by konfrehensif express meaning
of socialism. He even also explain that socialism as an rationale have so much
variant. Idea of socialism of Marx representing modern socialism
reference, taking root at materialism philosophy of histories which clearly
oppose against Islam teaching. Because according to him materialism of
histories teach that material of is single which is ' there is' that way occult Marx things negate is
including God. Hereinafter he explain that elementary principle of socialism is
independence, equality, and brotherhood, this values in the reality not merely
there is in Islam but have been executed concretely at a period of Rasulullah
and all friend. So that he write down in one part of the its book of Islam and
Socialism with " for us moslem there no variety or socialism of isme
better, which more exquisite and more august but socialism which based on just
Islam that's is". This book become evidence so its strength of read of
Tjokroaminoto to masterpieces thinker of West.
A. Program Ground and Program of Tandhim Party of Sarekat Islam
Indonesia in the year 1930.
This book represent organizational hold of
PSII. this Book 99 page;yard in fact have been formulated by since third
Congress National and continue to be improve;repaired completed by at Congress
in Yogyakarta in the year 1930. According to this Ohan Sudjana book have been
compiled by in Bogor of is 26 October 1931. So its
him this book, according to trust as a, this book is written with dictated from
Rasullullah in dream of Tjokroaminoto. This Book discuss to regarding Islam
base that is creed sentence by konfrehensif and its consequence for every
moslem. He explain that Al-Qur'An which have been degraded by Allah at 14 last
century have perfected as guidance of human being. This book is interpretation
of Tjokroaminoto to Islam teaching in the effort replying and overcoming
problemss expanding to pass activation of PSII.
studied Things for example; association of Islam people, subsistence of people,
nature of governance, education and instruction, and others.
According to Tjokroaminoto in this book ground program of PSII
compiled in six struggle level that is: association of people, independence of
people, nature of governance, subsistence of economics, human being degree and
situation, and real independence. On the other side, as for program of tanzim
party about arm rest and resistance move resistance consist of three
fundamental, that is: leaning on “innocence unity of God, leaning on science ,
and lean on tactics (respective politics) with country and nation of spilled blood
alone, and political go to intention will reach communication or association
with Islam people in other country (Pan Islamisme).
c. Tarich Islamic Religion, History and View of Life and Journey
of Prophet of Muhammad in the year 1931
Its masterpiece which become alternative to
Indonesia moslem people to study Islam history and Prophet of Muhammad SAW. In
book prologue as thick as this 203 page;yard, he lay open that book which
studying about thickness hundreds of page;yard and pass its book will facilitate
comprehending it. Reference of
Tjokroaminoto in writing of this book is Islam moslem scholar composition in
occident. This matter is comprehended by because its of Ianguage him of arab. At
its growth of this book is criticized by some Indonesia moslem scholar alone
because reference moslem scholars of Tjokroaminoto like Maulwi Muhammad Ali is
moslem scholar of Ahmadiyah which it’s true at that moment have started there is suspicion
to deviation of this teaching. But out side of that pass this book of Tjokroaminoto wish to awaken Indonesian nation optimism that by is
strightened of given by former Religion Allah people of remarkable feather in one's cap
the Public Reglemen To
Ummat Islam in the year 1934.
Last written
book before its death. This book is discussed in congress of PSII to XIX in Jakarta and ratified in congress of PSII to XX in Banjarnegara at 20-26 May 1934, only some month;moon before
Tjokroaminoto pass away. this 69 page;yard book contain 20 chapter trying to
explain a small part of about life and his solution which leaned to Al-Qur'An
and of Hadis. In this book the nature of moslem scholar of Tjokroaminoto
uppermost so, so that in moderation if he also earn us conceive of moslem
scholar.
Situation Of Society
Century of XX
In early century of XX, medial of decline of storey;level
prosperity of indigenous resident, and clan of santri success muster again
strength in society to launch new movement. Birth the representing
remarkable event and there no two him, because preceding movement of while nationality of facet of islam, he precede religious reform. But Dutch also
write that the presenting change which only quantitative besifat non change
qualitative to countryside - countryside in Java, in the meaning that
understanding of radikalisme in area agriculture of ala the is not new
matter. Any way to countryside people and town, islam sarekat represent which
have old in awaiting to a change. Together with movement of santri its his, the answering
to change which in causing monetary process, indigenous society integration and
poorness into worldwide economy. This change have denatured economic arrangement,
social relation, life of religion, and politics.
The later;then become mass organization. Only some just place of its
official member consist of all merchant, like yanga in
Teak;Core state, seventh of its official member member altogether merchant. In
other place, usually include;cover all wage earner group in local society,
including all farmer and priayai. In Madura and of Surakarta, even indigenous soldier enter organization.
Easy to conclude that in body, feeling
life resistent to hard Chinese. Nation Chinese is especial rival all indigenous
entrepreneur and represent target prejudice society rasial. Special rights
which passed to Chinese nation by government of colonial, enough give reason
for the compare of Chinese with colonist clan. Action resisten to
Chinese happened in many town in Java and of Madura, especially after
launching action of boycott to effort Chinese and move forward the effort co-operation or indigene.
In the year 1913, turbulence resisten
to Chinese disseminate to north towns coast wise in West Java,
Middle Java and east jawa, start from Tanggerang, continue at Lasem, Rembang, Tuban, Surabaya and Pasuruan.
Action movement that in fact is not have the character of side, because seen
that after erupting Chinese year refolusi 1911, Chinese in Indonesia show its arrogancy
to resident of Java, because feeling its nationality which culminate. Change of
Chinese nation attitude, awakening to feel indigenous resident nationality.
When breaking fight fight against Chinese in Surakarta in the year 1913,
government of colonial immediately realize what a danger that event
him, because from 900 local military team people, 123 people is member. If only
this team of be in
motion fight against Chinese, hence in a moment inextricable calamity.
But badly occurence happened in Holy in the year 1918. By then in Holy there
are setlements of Chinese in the middle of Java towns, governmental by
Wijkmeester alone, a Chinese Iieutenant. At that time emulation have venomous
between businessman of Chinese cigerette and aborigines. At any times,
entrepreneur of Chinese assist management an event of a to-do around
reported town as traditional party to heal influenza epidemic. All audience
walked to see a looked into pageants affront clan of santri, caused by woman
man couple with pilgrimage sorban above head of sipria which is its motion of him seen to
debase degree of pilgrimage in general. fight among aborigines and cina and also pageant with
audience even also cannot avoidance. Disturbance that
happened, soul arise victim and estae in the form of 50 house which in burning
out, eight people of cina dead and 200 people again save x'self to Semarang.
Cannot in ascertaining do the local got mixed up with that riot, but in that between 20 merchant
people and 20 kyai fell by penalization because faulted lead riot,
a lot become the official member of in center deny involvement as organization
in.
Hostility among clan with Chinese clan,
based on difference of ideology. Middle faction of santri unite x'self with
people oppose what referred as by disaffected Tjokroaminoto like capitalism,
though he have never itemized its idea into systematic interpretation about
society building desired. formulated ideology systematicly is finally
inseminated by left faction, what referred as squeezing from branch of Semarang
below leadership of sema'un. But, left faction, avoiding riot do not be
organizational in instructing strategic target him, that is company of
capitalist clan property of west, like company of train, plantation, sugar mill
in all Java, with striker organization. This matter non meaning that society
radikalisme is result of left faction propaganda. Many official member of stick
or branch in small towns launch hard action oppose government without approval
from official member of center.
But much more important from movement of Muhammadiyah is movement
of Sarekat Islam which by leaps and by bounds disseminate in all Java. In just
Jakarta is amount of its member have reached 12.000 people. Return to arise
care of European burned by mass media of Conservative Europe, so that society
ever with the tail between the legs.
Follower is not limited in town, but also hinterland, especially
in East Java. At january 1913 is here performed by congress drawn up for trade. Effort
them to key up commerce life in Indonesia have is enough signalized. After now
luxuriating in it, influence they not descrease. Although if in Resolution year
1913 set mind on shall no longger accept one who is non Indonesian people,
still Arab many people which remain to be member. Ali Al-Habji, a orthodox
religion teacher in Jakarta, trying to improve religious tone of that
organization.
Conclusion
Sarekat Islam which is previous to be recognized is Federal of Trade
Islam and chosen become chief. He is buried in TMP Pekuncen, Yogyakarta, after
falling sick finished follow Congress in Banjarmasin. One of the trilogy of
celebrated him is “as
high as science, as pure as unity of God, cleverness
investigation”. This depict atmosphere struggle of
Indonesia at a period of him needing three ability at a combatant of independence.
He enter district civil servant in the year 1900 after end study
in Oplayding School Foor Inladishe Ambegtenaren (OSVIA) in age twenty year in
Magelang, But afterwards him exit. Tjokro start to transfer to Islam in more serious meaning.
At September 1922, he start to publish beam article "Islam and
Socialism" in Soeara Boemiputera and try to base its socialism view at
Islam.
Referance
Iskandar, Salman. 2009. 99
Figure Moslem Indonesia, Bandung : PT Mizan Book.
Kuntowijoyo. 1994. Islam
interpretation paradigm for the action of. Bandung: Mizan.
Http://Id. Wikipedia.Org/Wiki/Tjokroaminoto.
In accessing at 16 May 2015.
Anizzuyana, political
figure of hos.cokroaminoto,blogspot.com islam. in accessing at 21
May 2015.
Al-Gadri, Hamid.1996. Islam
and Clan Of Arab, Bandung : Mizan
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